![]() Īs the baby is born, the cardiovascular system undergoes a quick, drastic change. Due to this mixing, the fetus is relatively hypoxic compared to maternal arterial blood. Maternal oxygenated blood mixes with placental blood, which is low in oxygen, before heading out to the fetus. This transition occurs around ten weeks of gestation. Gas exchange initially occurs in the yolk sac until the placenta entirely takes over. The fetal heart initiates at 22 days this indicates the initiation of fetal circulation. There are distinct differences in fetal circulation that, if not appropriately formed, can lead to childhood or adult diseases. Human understanding of fetal circulation originated from fetal sheep, but ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the fetal period now provide detailed information. įetal circulation undergoes a rapid transition after birth to accommodate extra-uterine life. When compared to adults, fetuses have decreased ventricular filling and reduced contractility. Normal fetal heart rate is between 110 and 160 beats per minute. ![]() Fetal circulation bypasses the lungs via a shunt known as the ductus arteriosus the liver is also bypassed via the ductus venosus, and blood can travel from the right atrium to the left atrium via the foramen ovale. It is comprised of the blood vessels in the placenta and the umbilical cord, which contains two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. This intricate system allows the fetus to receive oxygenated blood and nutrients from the placenta. The fetal circulation system is distinctly different from adult circulation. ![]()
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